History of Computer Networking
The computer network is a way or a tool that can be used to facilitate all the activities will be undertaken using the computer, since it is found changi Equipment such as Computers, and experienced many obstacles in organizing some work in using the computer, then the scientists discovered a method to make all work more efficient, computer network concept was born in the 1940's in the United States from a computer development project in the lab I MODEL Bell and Harvard University research group led by professor H. Aiken.
In the beginning of the project is to utilize a computer device that must be used together. To do some of the process without wasting lots of empty time made the streak (Batch Processing), so multiple programs can run on a computer with the rules of the queue.
Year 1950 when the types of computers began to swell until the creation of a super computer, a computer must serve multiple terminals. For that discovered the concept of time-based distribution process known as TSS (Time Sharing System), for the first time the form a network (network) applied computer. In the TSS system several terminals connected in series to a host computer. In the process of TSS began to appear a mix of computer and telecommunications technology that was originally developed on their own.
Entering the 1970's, after the workload increased and the price of the computer was starting to feel very expensive, then start to use the concept of the distribution (Distributed Processing). in this process some of the host computer doing a great job in parallel to serve multiple terminals connected in series in each host komputer.Dalam distribution process is absolutely in need of a deep fusion between computer and telecommunications technology, because in addition to the process that must be distributed, all host computer must serve terminals in a single command from the computer center.
Furthermore, when the prices of small computers had started to decline and the concept of the distribution process has matured, the use of computers and networks have started to range from dealing with process and communication between computers (Peer to Peer System) course without going through a central computer. For the start of developing a local network technology known as LAN. Similarly, when the Internet was introduced, most LAN stand-alone start connecting and forming a giant network
History of a global computer network (the world), initiated in 1969, when the U.S. Department of Defense, Defense formed Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which aims to conduct research on "how to connect a computer to form an organic network '.
This research program was then known as ARPANET (Advanced Research projects Agency Network). in 1970, more than 10 computer has been successfully connected (to each other), communicating with each other, and form a network. on atahun 1972, Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail that he created a year ago to research the ARPANET.
E-mail program is so easy and immediate popular at that time. in the same year, the icon [@] was introduced as a symbol that shows the "at" or "on". In 1973, a computer network called ARPANET was developed extends beyond the United States. computer at the University College in London, is a computer outside the United States that are members of the ARPANET. the idea of the same, two computer experts Vinton Cerf and Bob Khan presented a larger idea that became the forerunner of the International Network of thought. This idea was presented for the first time at Sussex University.
The next historic day occurred on March 26, 1976. when it is, the queen of England managed to send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. a year later, more than 100 computers have joined the ARPANET system and form a network or the Network.
In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin created the first-named Newsgroups USENET (User Network). in 1981, France Telecommenciptakan a new breakthrough by launching the world's first television phone (people can call each other while interacting denagan Video link).
along with increased computer form the network, it takes a formal protocol that can be recognized and accepted by all the networks. to that, in 1982 formed a committee Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or better known as the Internet Protocol (IP) that we know today. meanwhile, mainland Europe emerged a rival network known as Europe Network (Eunet) which covers an area of the Netherlands, England, Denmark, and Sweden. This Eunet network providing e-mail and USENET newsgroups.
For a uniform address existing computer network, the system was introduced in 1984 with the name DOMAIN better known by the Domain Name System (DNS). the system DNS, computers connected to the network exceeds 1,000 computers. in 1987 predicted that computers connected to it soared 10-fold to 10,000 more computers.
In 1988, the national Finnish Jarkko Oikarinen discover and introduce the Internet Relay Chat, or better known by the IRC that allows two or more computer users can interact directly with the delivery of messages (chat). consequently, a year later the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold. no less than 100,000 computers form a jaringan.pertengahan 1990 is the most historic year, when Tim Berners Lee designed a programe editor and browser to menjelajai computers with one another by forming networks. programe is called WWW or the World Wide Web.
In 1992, the computers that are connected to form the network has exceeded more than stau million computers. in the same year appeared a familiar term, namely Surfing (Surfing). In 1994, the World sites began to flourish (at least, at that time there were 3000 page address) and form the first time Virtual Shopping or appeared in various e-retail sites. The world changed with the launch of a Search Engine Firstly, namely Yahoo!. built by David Filo and Jerry were in April 1994. Netscape Navigator 1.0. dipenghujung launched in 1994.
The types of network
In general, a computer network consists of six types:
I. Local Area Network (LAN)
Commonly abbreviated Local Area Network LAN is a computer network covering a small area network only, for personal purposes such as LAN or hotspot network in residential or community-owned or groups such as campus computer networks, buildings, offices, schools or smaller. Currently, most LANs based on the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet technology using a switch, which has a data transfer rate of 10, 100, or 1000 Mbit / s. In addition to Ethernet technology, the current 802.11b technology (or so-called Wi-Fi) is also often used to form a LAN. Places that provide LAN connectivity with Wi-Fi technology called hotspots.
LAN is often used to connect personal computers and workstations in a corporate office or factories to put together (sharing) resources like printers, and exchange information.
On a LAN, each node or computer has the computing power of its own, different from the concept of a terminal dump. Each computer can access resources on the LAN in accordance with the permissions that have been set. These resources can be either data or a device such as a printer. On a LAN, a user can also communicate with other users using the application.
II. Metropolitant Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan area network or abbreviated as MAN is a network in a city with high speed data transfer, linking various locations such as campuses, offices, government and so on. MAN network is a combination of multiple LANs. The range of this MAN among 10 to 50 km, MAN is the right network to establish a network between offices in the city between factories / establishments and headquarters are within its range.
III. Wide Area Network (WAN)
WAN stands for information technology term in English: Wide Area Network is a computer network covering a large area as an example of the computer networks between regions, cities or even countries, WANs are used to connect a local network to another local network, so that user or computer in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. or can be defined as well as a network connecting multiple LAN and MAN who need machines that aims to implement programs (applications) user such as routers and public communications channels.
IV. Internet
Actually there are many networks in the world, often using hardware and software that is different. People who are connected to the network are hoping to be able to communicate with other people who are connected to other networks. Desires such as these require a network connection between the often-compatible and different. Normally to do this requires a machine called a gateway to engage and carry out the necessary translation, both hardware and software. Collection of interconnected networks is called the internet. His usual machine that is used to connect to the internet is a Modem.
V. Intranet
Understanding intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet protocols to share data and information securely within the scope of a single organization or agency or organization's network operating system. This term should be distinguished from the internet because they have a different understanding.
An intranet is a private network (private network) that uses Internet protocols (TCP / IP), to share confidential company information or operations of the company to its employees. Sometimes, the term refers only to the service intranet seen, the company's internal website. To build an intranet, then the network must have several components that build the Internet, the Internet Protocol (TCP / IP, IP addresses, and other protocols), the client and the server. HTTP protocol and several other Internet protocols (FTP, POP3, or SMTP) is generally a component of a protocol used.
Generally, an intranet can be understood as a "private version of the Internet", or as a version of the Internet that are owned by an organization.
VI. Wireless (wireless network)
A wireless network solution for improved communications can not be done with a wired network. For example, people who want to get information or to communicate despite being located above the car or plane, it is absolutely necessary because the cable network without a wired connection is not possible in a car or plane. Nowadays wireless networks has been rapidly adopted by utilizing satellite services and can provide faster access speeds compared to wired network
